Black Men And The Brotherhood Essay - 1422 Words

While white women seek visibility as a means of being recognized by white men, white men seek visibility to further their political goals. What both have in common is the use of black men to amplify their visibility and expedite their success. The Brotherhood is an organization led by Brother Jack that entices the Invisible Man, recruits him, and takes advantage of his invisibility to spark a riot in the streets of Harlem. The Brotherhood takes advantage of his invisibility in multiple ways: the organization advises the Invisible Man during his speeches, the organization sends him across New York as it see fit, the organization gives him money, and the organization fuels his rise to fame and notoriety. These acts seem benevolent, but the intentions behind them were destructive and manipulative. The Brotherhood has a doctrine and all members are expected to abide by it. Individual action is frowned upon. The Invisible Man is thus, reduced to a token and through his invisibility, the B rotherhood amplifies its prevalence in Harlem and generally as an organization. Again, the black man is used and those who use him aren’t invested in him. The Invisible Man realizes this amidst the riots in Harlem: â€Å"And now I looked around a corner of my mind and saw Jack and Norton and Emerson merge into one single white figure. They were very much the same, each attempting to force his picture of reality upon me and neither giving a hoot in hell for how things looked to me† (508) and â€Å"It wasShow MoreRelatedThe Invisible Man, By Louis Armstrong841 Words   |  4 Pagesstealing electricity, and listening to Louis Armstrong’s â€Å"What Did I Do to Be So Black and Blue.† As a young man, he lives in the South. He is invited to give his high school graduation speech to a group of white men. However, he is forced to fight against other young, black men in a ring while blindfolded. After the humiliation, the narrator gives his speech. The men award him with a briefcase containing a scholarship to a black college. The narrator has a dream in which the scholarship is a piece of paperRead MoreInvisible Man By Ralph Ellison1283 Words   |  6 PagesInvisible Man, by Ralph Ellison, tells the story of a young, educated black man as he travels from the Deep South to the streets of Harlem, experiencing the oppression and the struggles of a dominantly white society. The narrator, who remains nameless throughout the entire novel, is on a search for his true identity. Along the way he meets many powerful white men who are more than willing to define him, often in the form of a document. While these papers seem to foreshadow good fortune for the narratorRead MoreThe Invisible Man By Ralph Ellison1239 Words   |  5 PagesThe Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison is about a black man struggling to find his identity in 1930s America. This book is called The Invisible Man not because the narrator is literally invisible, but because people only s ee him through a stereotypical and prejudice point of view. In this book we follow the narrator’s life as a college student, a worker at a paint plant, and a member of a shady political organization called the Brotherhood. The book begins with the narrator claiming he is an invisibleRead MoreSignificance of the Narrators Invisibility in Ralph Ellisons Invisible Man676 Words   |  3 Pagesinto entertainment when he is forced to fight in a â€Å"battle royal† with other black men. After being beaten blindfolded and pushed into an electrocuted carpet, the narrator still gathers up the strength to dictate his speech, only to find the white men â€Å"still [talking] and still [laughing], as though deaf with cotton in dirty ears† (p30). The author Ralph Ellison uses â€Å"deaf with cotton† to reinforce the choice for the white men not to see him, as they have refused to see enslaved African-Americans asRead MoreThe Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters1148 Word s   |  5 PagesThe Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters Carol Y. Reeves HRMG 5930 2/22/2012 The International Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters was the first African American Labor Union chartered by the American Federation of Labor. Pullman porters were men who George Pullman hired to work on railroads as porters on sleeping cars. After the American Civil War, Mr. Pullman found former slaves to work on his sleeper cars. Mr. Pullman was inspired to design better railcars for passengers thatRead MoreThe Role Of Identity In Ralph Ellisons Invisible Man1236 Words   |  5 Pagesbecoming aware of his invisibility. Ideologies of the college the Invisible Man attended and the Brotherhood he joined rendered the Invisible Man invisible. Being taught to work hard and pursue economic advancement without yearning for equal rights or equal treatment from whites, the college limited the Invisible Man’s identity, the black culture, because it forced him to discount and discredit the black culture that he grew up participating in. Urging the Invisible Man to accept a positio n of inferiorityRead MoreOrganized Crime Group Analysis1527 Words   |  7 PagesSo as a team we decided to research the organization The Aryan Brotherhood. Originally named the Diamond Tooth Gang in 1967, a group of men gathered in the prison yard of San Quentin, to form their own racially motivated prison gang. These men mostly consisted of neo-Nazi, white supremist, long haired biker types. They formed an alliance to protect themselves and strike against the group of black militants known as the Black Guerilla Family (Grann.,  2004). Prior to the 1960’s prisonsRead MoreIn Ralph Ellison’S Novel Invisible Man, Man Is Often Equated1692 Words   |  7 Pagesonly encounters figures who liken their efforts and sense of entrapment to working at the heart of a much larger apparatus, but he eventually finds that his own actions within organizations such as the Brotherhood also contribute to the whole of the machine’s operation. In such instances where the black man’s body becomes a functioning part that remains both confined and fixed in place, we witness how the machine becomes an interconnected symbol for the unwavering power of technology over man. The machineRead MoreThe Not So Invisible Man1275 Words   |  6 PagesDaniella Cameron Santos Advanced Honors English 1 Mrs. Sanzo 21/8/15 The not so invisible man. While depicting the idealized life of a black man an anonymous narrator realizes that people only see him for what they want to see him for, which makes him invisible to simply put it, because people see who they want to see and they refused to see the real him. The narrator describes his life as he struggles to become who the people surrounding him want him to be until he comes to the realizationRead MoreThe Narrator As An Invisible Man1305 Words   |  6 Pagesschool valedictory speech in front of leading white men in his community. When the Narrator arrives to give his speech, he is forced to participate in a boxing style competition, along with several other boys, for the entertainment of the white men in attendance. Invisible Man and the boys are then made to further humiliate themselves by having to grab coins off of an electrified rug. Once this is over, the Narrator is allowed to give his speech. The men love it until the Narrator slips up and says â€Å"social

Who Else Wants to Learn About Essay Topics Grade 9?

Who Else Wants to Learn About Essay Topics Grade 9? The web has opened doors to a wide selection of opportunities associated with various kinds of services. You are able to definitely hunt for some information online, but you can discover such experience very confusing. Don't neglect to confirm the access to resources the topics that you consider. Many of the rewriting teams of different businesses take the order from clients and look for an inexpensive writers, who might not have the very good knowledge on English. The Tried and True Method for Essay Topics Grade 9 in Step by Step Detail As a discipline, writing requires a great deal of practice, particularly in the essential stages like 5th grade. The Thelen philosophy is to stay Small enough to know our clients and big enough to care for their demands. Remember your final grade significantly is based on the topic. So the overall grade for the paper might differ based on that. To compose a strong argumentative essay, stu dents should start by familiarizing themselves with a number of the common, and frequently conflicting, positions on the research topic so they can write an educated paper. At times it only appears simple, but a great deal of students forget about the kind of academic writing they need to follow. Knowing that there are lots of writers out there with years of experience, you need to set up your mind accordingly. Very often it becomes tough to choose 1 topic either on account of the many ideas in the student's head, or due to their complete absence. The very first thing you must realize searching for an ideal topic is that your opinion is the thing that matters the most. When you're picking your topic, bear in mind that it's much simpler to write about something which you currently have interest ineven in case you don't know a good deal about it. Contribute your suggestions and people are certain to read! When you're permitted to write about whatever you want, never rely on somebody's thoughts about this issue you like as a pivotal criterion for your choice. Deciding on a topic is an essential issue that partly estimates final success of the job. Finding the subject of your interest will allow you to work harder on your project and show your style in the easiest way possible. Most Noticeable Essay Topics Grade 9 In choosing your topic, it's frequently a good concept to start with a subject which you already have some familiarity with. Actually, a short and easy introduction is jam-packed with information since its principal goal would be brevity. Undoubtedly, it would be easier that you learn more about the topic that's connected to the area of your interest. For this reason, you've got to come across enough substantial evidence for the specific topic. What's Really Happening with Essay Topics Grade 9 Don't begin w riting your essay with the start or ending, the most significant part is the middle one. Most students have a tendency to choose easy essay topics by talking about themselves, doing their very best to express their special qualities and trying to stick out from the remainder of the pack. 2 minutes is longer than you believe! Understanding how to compose a strong argumentative paper will help you advance your very own argumentative thinking. The essay writer, assigned for you, will earn a research of your private writing and imitate that vocabulary and fashion. The main purpose of topic choice for a proposal essay is to demonstrate the idea can be put into place in practice. To lessen stress whilst writing a research paper, you ought to be certain to have chosen the best topic. Finding the Best Essay Topics Grade 9 Like the death penalty, the thought of marijuana legality was debated and discussed for decades. You should have your reasons, and our primary concern is that you wind up getting an excellent grade. If it's possible to write a really convincing piece on a real-world application utilizing unique facts and research, then your opportunities receiving admission to a top level university will certainly grow! If you still have issues with topic selection, don't hesitate to request help at Gra deMiners. The Advantages of Essay Topics Grade 9 The option of compare and contrast essay topics isn't a simple task because you should clearly show your analytical skills. Take notes concerning all possible topics you may consider. There are an infinite number of ways to start an essay effectively. So without further ado, below are some effective writing tips to create your common app essay stick out! Odds are, all you have to do is relax and locate a topic you're passionate about and, naturally, one that's debatable. You don't need to find super technical with legal argumentative essays, but be certain to do your homework on what the present laws about your favorite topic actually say. Following are some basic strategies to direct you in deciding on the ideal persuasive essay topic for you. Thus, the topic you select plays a crucial role.

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The university was founded in 1885, which was before Arizona was officially a state. Arizona holds 31,670 undergraduate students and 8951 graduate students that study the 300+ majors offered. Within these students 120 countries are represented. We will write a custom essay sample on Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now Tuition costs $29,421 for a non-resident of Arizona. In addition, there is a $9,714 room and board fee. To become a Wildcat, Arizona requires 4 years of English, and either a 21 or above on the English section of the ACT or a 530 on the reading section. They also require 4 years of Mathematics, and a 24 on the math portion of the ACT or a 540 on the math part of the SAT. Arizona also requires that students take 3 years of lab science and score a 20 or higher on the math portion of the ACT. If students took the SAT they might want to consider taking subject tests. Arizona requires 2 years of History classes, one American history course and one other history course. Furthermore, the University of Arizona requires 2 years of consecutive classes of a second language (both classes must be the same language). Lastly, the university of Arizona requires 1 year of fine arts. Arizona requires that you maintain a 2. 0 GAP or higher throughout your high school career. During your time In high school you can only get lower than a 2. 0, or C, twice to still be eligible for admission. University of Arizona hosts a Greek system hosting both fraternities and sororities. Arizona Greek system is much larger In comparison to other schools consisting of 47 sororities and fraternities. On campus housing holds 79% of students at Arizona In a total of 24 student-housing facilities. The other 21% live off campus. At Arizona there Is a balance of males and females. % of the population Is female, leaving 48% to male population. Downtown Tucson holds plenty to do for students and acts as the perfect college town. Paper By raunchy University of Arizona higher throughout your high school career. During your time in high school you can system is much larger in comparison to other schools consisting of 47 sororities and fraternities. On campus housing holds 79% of students at Arizona in a total of 24 student-housing facilities. The other 21% live off campus. How to cite Paper, Papers Paper Free Essays The questionnaire is designed by the researchers a seven item scale from tryingly disagree (-3) to strongly agree (+3) to identify variables of customer loyalty. In the present study, we, therefore, used Cockroach’s alpha scale as a measure of reliability. Its value is estimated to be 0. We will write a custom essay sample on Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now 897. Sophisticated statistical model as ‘Exploratory Factor Analysis (FEE)’ has been used. The results show that nine factors extracted from the analysis that together accounted 77. 891 percent of the total variance. Finally, on the basis of factor score, these factors were ranked (1)sales promotion’; (2) ‘Provision of information’; (3)engagement’; (4)recommendation of the Product or Service’;(5)new brand’;’ (6) ‘The value of brand’; (7)eliminative’; (8) ‘Bench Marking’ and (9) ‘Environmental friendly organization’ got the ranks of first to nine respectively and constitute the key factors of customer loyalty in leading retail supermarkets in I-J. Moreover, outcome of the research would be helpful to the practitioners, researchers, planners, policy makers and academicians, who are involved in the concerned area. Keywords: Customers; Customer Loyalty and Retail Supermarkets. 1. 0 Background and Significance In the ever-changing business world, almost every organization pays most attention o the customers ever than before. For any organization, good understanding of customers, their needs and wants, their expectations on price and quality of goods and services increase the potential to succeed. As a result, customer centered marketing has occupied the top place in modern marketing concept. Every organization is ready to pay any means to identify and understand the customers and their needs. Consumers’ reaction will be in favor of an organization when their desires and expectations have been either met or exceeded in the course of experiencing the service. In the context of a retail supermarket, satisfaction could be interpreted as Just meeting the expectations of the customers, not any sort of exceeding or falling short of the expectations. Most of the retailers try to achieve competitive advantage by taking the responses of the customers beyond the level of ‘Just satisfied’ towards ‘exceeding their expectations’. Pleasing customers are very harder today (Kettle, 2003). Customers are more challenging component for any organization rather than their competitors. Their buying behaviors are fickle, at least three times a year expecting the best deal from the suppliers. Besides the above, the worst thing is ninety percent of dissatisfied customers Just switched to another supplier without complaining to former supplier (Kettle, 2003). A marketing strategy which is considered today as the best one may not produce same results in future. Thus, every organization must pay their attention in complete satisfaction of their customers. Since, highly satisfied customers more likely become loyal customers and potentially buy the new products introducing by the company and shows the word of mouth and also pay less attention about competitors and other brands as ell. Above to all, considering cost related to customers, cost for retaining existing customers are very less than acquiring the new customers and also existing customers are much more profitable in many ways for instance, word of mouth. Here, word- loyalty or loyal customers captures the predominant place. Because, Hill Alexander (2006) pointed out that only through the loyalty, customer retention can be secured. 2. 0 Statement of the Problems Factors determining customer satisfaction and customer loyalty have been brought to light by marketing research. But, this information still is far away for some producers engaging in the productions and services. Consequently, producers are unable to exploit this information for their success. According to Verdict consulting research (2007), retail supermarket sector in I-J is one of most competitive segments and also pointed out that this competition will create more challenging environment in maintaining their market share. However, some retailers are very successful than their competitors even during the period of European economic downturn. This encouraged the researchers to do this research. We hope that this research will answer the following question regarding customer loyalty effectively. 3. Objectives The present study has the following objectives 1. To examine necessary factors of customer loyalty in leading super markets of I-J; and 2. To determine the key factors of customer loyalty in leading super markets of UK. 3. To suggest some measures in order to improve the customer loyalty in leading 4. 0 Literature Review Managing customer loyalty is the one of major element of customer relationship management. Customer satisfied with the present service of organizati on will likely satisfy if the firm does the same service later. So every organization has struck with the question how they can increase their loyalty level by adopting the right approaches. Stone (2000) pointed out in his book that â€Å"using information on the customer data base, there is no reason for a customer loyalty programmer other than finely tuned to meeting customers ‘relationships needs†. Loyalty becomes a winning factor for any organization facilitating with high productivity, solid profit and feasibility for steady expansion, competing in present world. When considering the resent states of disloyalty, it is obvious that it would damage the corporate performance by 25 to 50 percent and possibly more (Astrakhan, 2006). Loyalty is defined as â€Å"a state of mind, a set of attitudes, beliefs, desires and so on† (Stone, 2000). Kettle (2008) said that delighted customers become loyal to the organization and customer relationship management (CRM) plays an important role in making customers loyal. Further, among the satisfied customers, completely satisfied customers only can be a delighted one. Thus CRM has to focus on customer delight rather than satisfaction. However, Hill and Alexander (2006) argue that misunderstanding of customer loyalty by the senior manages and marketing executives have mislead strategies for securing the customer loyalty and also criticized that many of them take afford to attract the customers by giving some bribe to customers. Instead, customer loyalty has to be earned by the suppliers and customer retention can be achieved when the suppliers satisfy the requirements raised by the customers better than their rivals. Realty is that in the twenty first century, both not only customers and but also suppliers have to true, faithful and rim in meeting the customers’ needs. Furthermore, Hill Alexander (2006) categorized loyalty into four types such as (1) Monopoly loyalty (where customers have little or no choice and they are completely dissatisfied and far away from devoted); (2) Cost of change loyalty (where customers have choice of alternative suppliers and reluctant to change their current due to the cost and other bothering factors, needs immense afford to change); (3) Incentive loyalty(this is the type of loyalty created by mass advertisement and targeted the customers who are not pending their own money for instance frequent business fliers);(4) Habitual loyalty(this can be viewed most commonly due to the time constraints and familiar routines, convenient location and little afford for instance filling up petrol on the way to work). This paper is focus on this Habitual loyalty. Here, convenient location, size of supermarket, variety of goods, competitive price plays a significant role. Moreover, degrees of loyalty can differ from one customer to another for instance one customer is more loyal than other. Hill Alexander (2006) defined these degrees as suspects, respects, customers, clients’ advocates and partners in a pyramid. According to them, degrees of positive commitment increases along pyramid from suspects to partners and also distinguishes the truly loyal customers. Less loyal customer is likely to switch the supplier Based on the previous studies, we can say that there are some studies in different countries, but detailed and comprehensive studies has not yet been conducted in I-J especially in supermarket through exploratory study. How to cite Paper, Papers Paper Free Essays To me there is a big difference in a college class discussion verse a discussion you have with your friend. In college classes you have to have a more professional approach in how you speak or answer other classmates. When speaking to your friends who know you, they have good Judgment on when you are Joking around or even if you are being sarcastic. We will write a custom essay sample on Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now I myself know that my friends and family even my co- workers all have excellent Judgment on my mannerisms. My classmates however unlike my friends, family and co-workers do not know me so during class discussions I will make sure that I make a point to convey my messages with respect and In a good tone so everyone will understand where I am coming from. I enjoy feedback and look forward to my classmates giving me their pollens on things and I scant Walt to see everyone else’s point of view on certain topics we discuss. There are many different ways that you can demonstrate respect for your fellow classmates during class discussions such as good understanding, politeness and having a positive attitude towards your peers. It Is good to show your classmates that o understand where they are coming from even if you do not agree, everyone is entitled to their own opinion and everyone has different ways of looking at certain issues. Being polite to your classmates is a great way to show you are respecting them. We are all here to learn and grow together so together we can all achieve our goals and dreams. Approaching your classmates with a positive attitude will always send a good vibe, who has time for negativity navy? I know I certainly don so being positive towards others will go a long way. I will always treat others the way I want myself and my daughter to be treated. How to cite Paper, Papers Paper Free Essays string(763) " categorized loyalty into four types such as \(1\) Monopoly loyalty \(where customers have little or no choice and they are completely dissatisfied and far away from devoted\); \(2\) Cost of change loyalty \(where customers have choice of alternative suppliers and reluctant to change their current due to the cost and other bothering factors, needs immense afford to change\); \(3\) Incentive loyalty\(this is the type of loyalty created by mass advertisement and targeted the customers who are not pending their own money for instance frequent business fliers\);\(4\) Habitual loyalty\(this can be viewed most commonly due to the time constraints and familiar routines, convenient location and little afford for instance filling up petrol on the way to work\)\." The questionnaire is designed by the researchers a seven item scale from tryingly disagree (-3) to strongly agree (+3) to identify variables of customer loyalty. In the present study, we, therefore, used Cockroach’s alpha scale as a measure of reliability. Its value is estimated to be 0. We will write a custom essay sample on Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now 897. Sophisticated statistical model as ‘Exploratory Factor Analysis (FEE)’ has been used. The results show that nine factors extracted from the analysis that together accounted 77. 891 percent of the total variance. Finally, on the basis of factor score, these factors were ranked (1)sales promotion’; (2) ‘Provision of information’; (3)management’; (4)recommendation of the Product or Service’;(5)new brand’;’ (6) ‘The value of brand’; (7)eliminative’; (8) ‘Bench Marking’ and (9) ‘Environmental friendly organization’ got the ranks of first to nine respectively and constitute the key factors of customer loyalty in leading retail supermarkets in I-J. Moreover, outcome of the research would be helpful to the practitioners, researchers, planners, policy makers and academicians, who are involved in the concerned area. Keywords: Customers; Customer Loyalty and Retail Supermarkets. 1. 0 Background and Significance In the ever-changing business world, almost every organization pays most attention o the customers ever than before. For any organization, good understanding of customers, their needs and wants, their expectations on price and quality of goods and services increase the potential to succeed. As a result, customer centered marketing has occupied the top place in modern marketing concept. Every organization is ready to pay any means to identify and understand the customers and their needs. Consumers’ reaction will be in favor of an organization when their desires and expectations have been either met or exceeded in the course of experiencing the service. In the context of a retail supermarket, satisfaction could be interpreted as Just meeting the expectations of the customers, not any sort of exceeding or falling short of the expectations. Most of the retailers try to achieve competitive advantage by taking the responses of the customers beyond the level of ‘Just satisfied’ towards ‘exceeding their expectations’. Pleasing customers are very harder today (Kettle, 2003). Customers are more challenging component for any organization rather than their competitors. Their buying behaviors are fickle, at least three times a year expecting the best deal from the suppliers. Besides the above, the worst thing is ninety percent of dissatisfied customers Just switched to another supplier without complaining to former supplier (Kettle, 2003). A marketing strategy which is considered today as the best one may not produce same results in future. Thus, every organization must pay their attention in complete satisfaction of their customers. Since, highly satisfied customers more likely become loyal customers and potentially buy the new products introducing by the company and shows the word of mouth and also pay less attention about competitors and other brands as ell. Above to all, considering cost related to customers, cost for retaining existing customers are very less than acquiring the new customers and also existing customers are much more profitable in many ways for instance, word of mouth. Here, word- loyalty or loyal customers captures the predominant place. Because, Hill Alexander (2006) pointed out that only through the loyalty, customer retention can be secured. 2. 0 Statement of the Problems Factors determining customer satisfaction and customer loyalty have been brought to light by marketing research. But, this information still is far away for some producers engaging in the productions and services. Consequently, producers are unable to exploit this information for their success. According to Verdict consulting research (2007), retail supermarket sector in I-J is one of most competitive segments and also pointed out that this competition will create more challenging environment in maintaining their market share. However, some retailers are very successful than their competitors even during the period of European economic downturn. This encouraged the researchers to do this research. We hope that this research will answer the following question regarding customer loyalty effectively. 3. Objectives The present study has the following objectives 1. To examine necessary factors of customer loyalty in leading super markets of I-J; and 2. To determine the key factors of customer loyalty in leading super markets of UK. 3. To suggest some measures in order to improve the customer loyalty in leading 4. 0 Literature Review Managing customer loyalty is the one of major element of customer relationship management. Customer satisfied with the present service of organizati on will likely satisfy if the firm does the same service later. So every organization has struck with the question how they can increase their loyalty level by adopting the right approaches. Stone (2000) pointed out in his book that â€Å"using information on the customer data base, there is no reason for a customer loyalty programmer other than finely tuned to meeting customers ‘relationships needs†. Loyalty becomes a winning factor for any organization facilitating with high productivity, solid profit and feasibility for steady expansion, competing in present world. When considering the resent states of disloyalty, it is obvious that it would damage the corporate performance by 25 to 50 percent and possibly more (Astrakhan, 2006). Loyalty is defined as â€Å"a state of mind, a set of attitudes, beliefs, desires and so on† (Stone, 2000). Kettle (2008) said that delighted customers become loyal to the organization and customer relationship management (CRM) plays an important role in making customers loyal. Further, among the satisfied customers, completely satisfied customers only can be a delighted one. Thus CRM has to focus on customer delight rather than satisfaction. However, Hill and Alexander (2006) argue that misunderstanding of customer loyalty by the senior manages and marketing executives have mislead strategies for securing the customer loyalty and also criticized that many of them take afford to attract the customers by giving some bribe to customers. Instead, customer loyalty has to be earned by the suppliers and customer retention can be achieved when the suppliers satisfy the requirements raised by the customers better than their rivals. Realty is that in the twenty first century, both not only customers and but also suppliers have to true, faithful and rim in meeting the customers’ needs. Furthermore, Hill Alexander (2006) categorized loyalty into four types such as (1) Monopoly loyalty (where customers have little or no choice and they are completely dissatisfied and far away from devoted); (2) Cost of change loyalty (where customers have choice of alternative suppliers and reluctant to change their current due to the cost and other bothering factors, needs immense afford to change); (3) Incentive loyalty(this is the type of loyalty created by mass advertisement and targeted the customers who are not pending their own money for instance frequent business fliers);(4) Habitual loyalty(this can be viewed most commonly due to the time constraints and familiar routines, convenient location and little afford for instance filling up petrol on the way to work). You read "Paper" in category "Papers" This paper is focus on this Habitual loyalty. Here, convenient location, size of supermarket, variety of goods, competitive price plays a significant role. Moreover, degrees of loyalty can differ from one customer to another for instance one customer is more loyal than other. Hill Alexander (2006) defined these degrees as suspects, respects, customers, clients’ advocates and partners in a pyramid. According to them, degrees of positive commitment increases along pyramid from suspects to partners and also distinguishes the truly loyal customers. Less loyal customer is likely to switch the supplier Based on the previous studies, we can say that there are some studies in different countries, but detailed and comprehensive studies has not yet been conducted in I-J especially in supermarket through exploratory study. Hence the present study is made on determinants of customer loyalty in leading supermarket in United Kingdom (I-J). . 0 Research Design and Strategy Material and methods describe research approach, sampling procedure, data sources, instrumentation, reliability, validity and mode of analysis. 5. 1 Research Approach As this paper is a business and management research, it has a characteristic of positivist and interpretative and also involves in deductive approach as well as inductive approach. Combining these two research approaches in same piece of research is perfectly possible and advantageous for a research. 5. 2 Period of Study This research was conducted from September to October, 2009. 5. Sampling strategy Five leading (I. E. Sad; Iceland; Ginsburg; Somerville and Tests) retail supermarkets involved in food stall around the city of London are selected as cluster sampling due to time constraints, the travel, and other costs related to the data collections. In the case of customer respondents, ten customers with age of 18 years and above for each sampling supermarket are considered as purposive and random sample for the study. The sample procedure paid more attention on selection of appropriate samples so that samples can cover different background of people as London is costly multicultural city in I-J. 5. 4 Data Sources The study was complied with the help of primary data. Primary data were collected through mailed questionnaire. Moreover, the desk study covered various published and unpublished materials on this field. 5. Measures The questionnaire will be administrated to five leading retail supermarkets in the city of London and ten customers for each supermarket. Based on the literatures and experts’ advice questionnaire is to be designed. In the questionnaire, a seven point Liker summated rating scale from strongly disagree (-3) to strongly agree (+3) was topped to identify the variables of customer satisfaction and loyalty. The study has an id ea of pre-test the questionnaire in order to receive optimal outcomes from the study. 5. 6 Reliability and Validity The reliability value of our surveyed data was 0. 897 for variables of customer loyalty. If we compare our reliability value with the standard value alpha of 0. Advocated by Cockroach (1951), a more accurate recommendation (Annually Bernstein, 1994) or with the standard value of 0. 6 as recommended by Bugaboo YK’s (1988). Researchers find that the scales used by us are highly reliable for data analysis. Validation procedures involved initial consultation with expert researchers. The experts also Judged the face and content validity of the questionnaires as adequate. Based on their comments, some contents and words were revised to make the meaning clear. Hence, researchers satisfied content and construct validity. 5. 7 Statistical Tools Used In the present study, we analyses our data by employing factor analysis. For the study, entire analysis is done by person al computer. A well known statistical package like ‘Statistical Package for Social Sciences’ (SPAS) 13. 0 Version was used in order to analyze the data. . 0 Analysis and Findings To identify potential underlying dimensions of the customer loyalty of the respondents are used in the present section; responses of the variables are subjected to factor analysis method. Before applying factor analysis, testing of the reliability of the scale is very much important as it shows the extent to which a scale produces consistent result if measurements are made repeatedly. In the present section, researchers, therefore, used Cockroach’s Alpha scale as a measure of reliability. Its value is estimated to be 0. 897 for total customer loyalty variables. If we ampere our reliability value with the standard value alpha of 0. 6 advocated by Cockroach (1951), a more accurate recommendation Annually Bernstein (1994) or with the standard value of 0. 6 as recommended by Bugaboo YK’s (1988) researchers find that the scales used by us are highly reliable for factor analysis. After checking the reliability of scale, an examination of the correlation matrix (for details please see Vide appendix-Table-l) reveals moderately significant correlations between some of the variables. These are LA with LA; LA with L 14; L 7 with L 18, and ALL; LA LB; Lithe ALL; Ill with LA, ALL. ALL with LB and LA. ALL with g; ALL with L 7; ALL with ALL; and ALL with ALL and ALL . But no correlation comes out as damaging as to cause multimillionaire (Hogue Tater, 2007) and so the matrix is suitable for factoring. Further, we tested whether the data so collected is appropriate for factor analysis or not. The appropriateness of factor analysis is dependent upon the sample size. In this connection, Macaulay, Wingman, Ghana Hong (1999) have shown that the minimum sample size depends upon other aspects of the design of the study. According to them, as commonalities become lower the importance of sample size increases. They have advocated that if all commonalities are above 0. 6 relatively small samples (less than 100) may be perfectly adequate. How to cite Paper, Papers Paper Free Essays Any suspicion of copying or plagiarism in this work will result in an investigation of Academic Misconduct and may result in a â€Å"O† on the work, an â€Å"F† in the course, or possibly more severe penalties, as well as a Disciplinary Notice on your academic record under the Student Code of Academic Conduct, which can be found online at: http://www. Reason. Ca/senate/policies/pappy. We will write a custom essay sample on Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now PDF. Study of Times waiting at Banks Introduction: The Issues that are going to be studied are the factors that affect waiting time at a Bank service line. Some of the consequences of long Walt time are customer Relation and employee frustration, which leads to a bad reputation for the bank. The motivations for this research are the improvement of service time, increase in the customer satisfaction and better corporate reputation. This proposal comprises the purpose of the project, target population and limitations for research, an explanation of the approach, and the expected results. Purpose: The purpose of this project is to find the causes of the delay time at a Bank ND find the practical ways to avoid the delays. Scope: The scope of this project will only be limited to Just one particular branch as it would be nearly impossible to obtain data for an entire franchise. We will be looking and analyzing the AD branch located on Horntail SST. Abramson. The target population for this project Includes people of all age ranges going from 12 to 100 specify most of the data that will be collected will be based on daily customers (normally in the age range of 25-55) as they are considerably impacted by the long wait lines as for them time is money. How to cite Paper, Papers Paper Free Essays Timothy Hall, tells a story of a bold, independent, self confident, and assertive young women during the time of 1636 to 1638. Hall arranged his novel by organizing the chapters in her life story around statements made at her trial. The study of Hutchinson life gives us the opportunity to enter into a different world of New England’s founding generation. We will write a custom essay sample on Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now As Hall’s questions; â€Å"what should we make of this remarkable women and her tragic fate? How did she understand herself? How did her contemporaries understand her? (Hall,2) are answered and supported throughout the novel. The answers to such questions can come only from a thorough examination of Anne Hutchinson experience with religion, culture, and politics in early modern England and its first colonies. Timothy Hall sets up the first chapter helping the readers comprehend who exactly Anne Hutchinson is, explaining where it is she came from and her back round information. Hutchinson was born during the Protestant Reformation, the year of 1592 in Alfred, Somerset, United Kingdom. Her parents, Francis and Mammary were Puritans strong believers, although, they were forced to convert into the English Church. Ann.’s parents had planned to raise her with Puritans beliefs, but also in healing. She was set up to marry William Hutchinson, once they planned to marry and start a family, they planned on raising their soon to be family under a Puritan roof with firm beliefs. In order to go on with this lifestyle without persecution they planned on Joining a trek to America with other Puritans. How to cite Paper, Papers Paper Free Essays Ancient Greece and Rome 1 Running Head: ANCIENT GREECE AND ROME Comparing and Contrasting Ancient Greece and Rome Walter Moore Cardinal Stritch University Western Civilization 1 ASB220 September 3, 2011 Ancient Greece and Rome 2 Abstract Ancient Greece and Rome are two of the most influential civilizations known in history. This paper will focus on comparing and contrasting both the differences and similarities of both these great civilizations. Some of the major topics that’ll be covered throughout this paper will include the following: Forms of government, the roles of women in both civilizations, and military life. We will write a custom essay sample on Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ancient Greece and Rome 3 Intro Looking back in ancient times, both the Greek and Roman empires were extremely influential to many modern day cultures and societies. Everything from government, to religion, and to ones overall perspectives and philosophy on life in general is still widely respected and studied by many around the world. This is exactly why these two great civilizations were chosen for this particular assignment. While both empires were extremely similar to each other, there are also many important differences between the two as well. The central focus of this paper will involve identifying just how similar they were in nature, as well as how different they were also. The following important topics were chosen to be evaluated: Forms of government, the roles of women in both civilizations, and military life. Government in both Greece and Rome Ancient Greece and Rome were two of the greatest civilizations known to man, and it wouldn’t make any sense to analyze both empires without taking a close look into their governmental structures. The Greeks incorporated many forms of government throughout its civilization such as monarchies, oligarchies, tyrannies, and eventually converting to a democracy. The Greeks were the first to develop a government run by the people, although not all citizens were included in its democracy. Only free male adult citizens were allowed to participate while women and slaves were excluded (Ancient Greek Government). In contrast to the Greeks many forms of government, the Romans would adopt the Greeks ideology of democracy but later formed what is known as a republic. This form of Ancient Greece and Rome 4 government would prove to be extremely effective for the Romans, as they would stick to it throughout the course of their empire. They organized it into three categories: legislative, executive, and judicial branches; each area was to perform a specific purpose. This was monumental on behalf of the Romans because it laid the foundation of running a highly organized form of government, one that many future generations would come to emulate. Another contrast to the Greeks was that every citizen under the Roman government had some sort of rights. This can be seen through how both civilizations treated women in general (The Roman Empire, 2011). Roles of Women in Greece Although both these great civilizations were so much alike, the roles given to women is one area where there were some differences. The best possible way to describe women is Greece was below that of second-class citizenship. They were treated as servants of their husbands and were given no rights whatsoever. Usually women were married off at a very young age to men much older than them; once married they were considered property of their husbands and didn’t hold any authority within their own household. This power was typically given to the mother of their husband. If that wasn’t bad enough, before a woman was married she was under full control of her father, which is sad. Women weren’t even allowed to attend public events such as the popular Olympic games. Not only were they considered servants of their husbands, but they were looked upon as having one primary function, and that was to give birth (Kishlansky, Geary, O’ Brien, 2008). Women in Sparta Ancient Greece and Rome 5 The behavior that women endured was typical in most city-states throughout the entire Greek empire; Sparta was the only exception. Spartan women weren’t as restricted as those in other states and enjoyed freedom and responsibilities that many women could only dream of. Although they weren’t as free as modern women are today, nor were they awarded all the rights granted to that of Spartan men such as the right to vote, choose their own husbands, or be elected to public office. Event still life was pretty good for them overall. Sparta’s law required that all female infants and children be given the same care and food as their brothers† (Schrader, 2011. P. 1). Unlike Greek women, they were allowed to attend public events, become educated, inherit and transfer wealth, control the economic situations of their marriage, and were also able to speak out about certain political issues (Schrader, 2011). Women of Rome In comparing and contrasting the women of Rome to those in Greece, it was important to first point out how Sparta differed from the rest of the empire, simply because it provides a better understanding of the overall picture. Although Roman women weren’t kept under such restrictions as most Greek women, they were still under the control of men in what was a male-dominated society just as Greece. Another striking similarity was that Roman women were under control of their fathers and when they got married, the father would transfer that control over to their husbands. Unlike Greek women who had no rights within their own households, Roman women did to some extent. â€Å"Wives did exercise real tough informal authority within the family. Part of that authority came form Ancient Greece and Rome 6 heir role in the moral education of their children and the direction of the household† (Kishlansky, Geary, O’ Brien, 2008, p. 119). Military Life in Ancient Greece In order to maintain and protect the citizens of any great civilization, having a powerful military is nearly a necessity. Even in modern times with the United States being the richest, most powerful country on earth, they’ve clearly invested a lot of time and money in developing the most powerful military to protect its citizens as well. The Greeks realized just how vital it was to build an advanced military structured around courage and bravery. This was primarily due to the bold leadership of Alexander the Great, who expanded the Greek empire by the use of military force. â€Å"Ancient Greeks invented the use of technology in warfare. The first such invention was the Phalanx which was used against the Persians. The Athenians produced very fast triremes. The Greeks in Sicily developed the first advanced catapults† (Lahanas, 2001, p. 1). A few other important items invented by the Greek army were spears and pikes, swords, and the hoplite shield which was probably the most important of all. The phalanx was vital because it allowed the Greeks to defeat enemy forces much larger than theirs; the Spartans were credited with developing such an affective military strategy. It involved heavy infantry troops standing together in a compact rectangular formation with weapons such as pikes, spears, sarissas, and other a few other weapons (Sam, 2011). Most of the military’s leadership in Greece at the time came from Sparta, a state that â€Å"produced one of Ancient Greece and Rome 7 he most iconic armies in ancient history and was renowned for its soldiers’ skill, discipline, professionalism and bravery† (Sam, 2011, p. 1). Military Life in Ancient Rome â€Å"The Romans very fast acquired the Greek military technology and developed the most organized military system the world has ever seen† (Lahanas, 2001, p. 1). Obviously with the Romans implementing and eventually surpassing the military technology of the Greeks means that they were extremely similar i n nature. The phalanx was one of the military strategies the Romans quickly adopted from the Greeks early on within their military. However, as time went on the Romans would eventually shy away from this strategy because it wasn’t as affective for them as it was for the Greeks. The early Roman Army also adopted their attire from the Greeks as well, looking extremely similar in appearance. The weapons used by the Romans were identical in nature also: items such as a â€Å"helmet, hoplite, round shield, greaves, and breast plate, all of bronze, and carrying a spear and sword† (The Roman Army, 2008, p. 1). With all the similarities, one difference came about when the Romans abandoned the phalanx as mentioned earlier. In doing so, they developed a more effective fighting strategy known as the legion. The legion allowed the Romans to be more versatile on the battlefield. It involved being organized into three groups: â€Å"the hastati in front, the principes in the second row, and the rorarii and accensi in the rear† (The Roman Army, 2008, p. 1). Each of these groups served a specific function during the course of a battle, and the strategy proved to be so effective that the Romans would keep it this way Ancient Greece and Rome 8 throughout their existence—only making a few minor changes as time progressed. So after analyzing both the Greek and Roman army, one can conclude that they are extremely similar other than the fact that the legions allowed the Romans to become more advanced and develop a more powerful military than the Greeks. Conclusion Both the Greek and Roman empires laid the foundation for government, military values, and even religious views that many nations adopted within their own modern societies. The monumental influences of ancient Greece and Rome on today’s society are particularly why they were chosen to be analyzed. Although they were nearly identical in nature, the minor differences between the two are what made them both unique. The Greeks were the originators and the Romans adopted much of the Greeks culture and perfected it. This is precisely why both civilizations are widely studied, respected, and emulated by many great nations worldwide. Ancient Greece and Rome 9 References Kishlansky, M. , Geary, P. , Brien, O. P. (2008). Civilization in the West. New York: Pearson Education. Lahanas, M. (2001). Ancient Greek Military Technology. Retrieved September 15th 2011, from http://www. mlahanas. e/Greeks/WarTech. htm Sam, A. (2011). Military and Weapons in Ancient Sparta. Retrieved September 15th 2011, from http://www. ehow. com/info_8171167_military-weapons-ancient-sparta. html Schrader, P. H. (2011). The Spartans: Warrior Philosophies of the Ancient World. Retrieved September 14th 2011, from http://elysiumgates. com/~helena/Women. html The Roman Army. (n. d). Retrieved on September 18, 2011, f rom http://www. roman-empire. net/army/army. html Ancient Greek Government. (n. d). Retrieved on September 16th 2011, from http://www. aurorahistoryboutique. com/Ancient-Greek-Government. cfm How to cite Paper, Papers